How does the cervical spine affect the TMJ?

The cervical spine affects the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) primarily through trigeminal and upper cervical root connections. The trigeminal nerve plays a crucial role in sensation and motor function to the jaw area, while its connections to the upper cervical nerves enable reciprocal relationships in the neuromuscular system involving the jaw and neck. This anatomical and functional relationship is significant because dysfunction or disturbances in the cervical spine can lead to altered pain perception and motor control in the TMJ region, influencing how jaw movements occur.

The connections between the upper cervical spine and the TMJ highlight the importance of considering the neck’s condition in the assessment and treatment of TMJ disorders. Proper functioning of the upper cervical spine can contribute to healthy TMJ operation by maintaining appropriate muscle balance and coordination, while dysfunction can lead to compensatory strategies that can exacerbate TMJ issues.