What is the function of the medial/lateral articular disc in the TMJ?

The function of the medial/lateral articular disc in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is primarily to act as a cushion between the mandible and the temporal bone. This disc is a fibrocartilaginous structure that sits between the two bones, allowing for smooth movement during activities such as chewing and speaking. By providing a cushioning effect, the articular disc helps to absorb the forces placed on the joint, distribute load evenly, and reduce friction during the movement of the mandible.

While securing the collateral ligaments to the condyle is an important function of other structures in the TMJ, the direct role of the articular disc is more about facilitating joint movement and support. It also helps in the stabilization of the joint by maintaining proper alignment between the articulating surfaces. Thus, its primary role is the cushioning and facilitating smooth articulation of the joint, which is essential for normal jaw function.